葷 （クン） strong-smelling vegetable (esp. garlic, onion, Chinese chives, Chinese scallion, Japanese garlic), pungent vegetable (esp. ginger and water pepper)

葷菜 （クンサイ） pungent vegetable (e.g. onion, garlic, leek)

五葷 （ゴクン） five pungent roots (in Buddhism or Taoism)

三厭五葷 （サンエンゴクン） meat and the five pungent roots (avoided in Buddhist cuisine)